The Republic Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Republic Essay Thesis Book One of The Republic opens up with a discussion between Socrates and Cephalus, Polemarchus father, about old age and wealth. Cephalus conveys to Socrates that he believes being wealthy does not necessarily make you a happier person, but being wealthy makes it simpler to lead a good or moral life. Cephalus is quoted as follows,Its in this connection that wealth is most valuable, Id say, not for every man but for a decent an orderly one. Wealth can do a lot to save us from having to cheat or deceive someone against our will from having to depart for that other place in fear because we sacrifice to a good or money to a person. It has many other uses, but, benefit for benefit, Id say that this is how it is most useful to a man of any understanding. Socrates argues this statement of opinion by Cephalus, by saying that if living a just life is simply just telling the truth or giving back your debts, than that can sometimes be the wrong or unjust thing to do. He gives the example of bor rowing a knife from a friend, who eventually comes back for his knife but looks full of rage and has intentions of wrong-doing, than giving him the knife back which you owe him is certainly the wrong thing to do. Cephalus, not really interested in carrying on the argument exits from the conversation and his son, Polemarchus, protests Socrates argument and goes on to give his various definitions of what Justice actually means. Polemarchus initial definition was giving everyone what is appropriate or right to them, and it is not appropriate to give harmful things to your friends. Summarizing his definition, he is saying, Justice is pleasing your friends and harming your enemies. Socrates attacks this definition arguing that you shouldnt return evil with evil because it is not just to pose harm to anyone. After Polymarchus agrees with Socrates argument, Thrasymachus, who is tired of hearing all the arguing and debating wants Socrates to tell them what his definition of Justice is. Socr ates explains to him that he doesnt himself know what it is and he is in pursuit of finding out what Justice us. Thrasymachus then goes on to give his own definition of what is Just. His definition is based upon the idea that what is right is what is in the best interest of the stronger party, in which a ruler makes laws of his own interests, and that is right for the weaker party to follow his laws. The discussion has somewhat shifted from the definition of Justice, to the functions and duties of a ruler of a state. When Thrasymachus gets back to the original discussion of Justice, he says Justice is for fools and people live so-called good laws because they are trained that way and are actually afraid of doing otherwise. What he is basically saying is that good actions are foolish and cowardly, while evil actions are good for society. In the remaining of Book One Socrates attacks Thrasymachus distorted view of what morality is. We will write a custom essay on The Republic Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Book Two Glaucon expresses his dissatisfaction with Socrates and Thrasymachus argument of Justice by saying But Im not yet satisfied by the argument on either side. I want to know what justice and injustice are and what power each itself has when its by itself in the soul. I want to leave out of account their rewards and what comes from each of them. So, if you agree, Ill renew the argument of Thrasymachus. First, Ill state what kind of thing people consider justice to be and what its origins are. Second, Ill argue that all who practice it do so unwillingly, as something necessary , as they do, for the life of an unjust person is, they say, much better than that of a just one. The purpose of Glaucons presenting these views, which are not his personal views, is in efforts of hearing what Socrates has to say against them. I feel that he is mainly seeking to find out from Socrates why it is actually better to live a just life versus an unjust life. .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75 , .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75 .postImageUrl , .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75 , .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75:hover , .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75:visited , .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75:active { border:0!important; } .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75:active , .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75 .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u417871c168c3fdf388cb4c8ed6214d75:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Artificial Intelligence EssaySocrates starts to answer

Let me not to the marriage of true minds, by William shakespeare.

Let me not to the marriage of true minds, by William shakespeare. ''Let me not to the marriage of true minds'' by William Shakespeare is an Elizabethan sonnet of 14 lines divided in three Quatrains and the habitual rhyming couplet. In this particular poem Shakespeare uses a complete different approach, luring the reader by achieving a dramatic change of style.Although keeping the simple A/B/A/B/C/D/C/D/E/F/E/F/G/G rhyming scheme, providing the sonnet with an harmonious, fluid sound and giving it the pleasant impression of a light-hearted song ''Let me not to the marriage of true minds'' does not fulfill all the typical criteria's Shakespearian sonnet, the subject evoked being without comparison to his previous pieces.Shakespeare deliberately takes an idealistic turn, praising love in it's purest form, where it is not only a simple feeling, but a synergy of the souls, where obstacles seem meaningless on the road of happiness, where no Impediments can be admitted in the ''marriage of true minds''.William ShakespeareThis great respect for love is alre ady announced by the poet in the very title, as he preaches that he shall not come in between of love ''Let me not to the marriage of true minds'' nor accept any impediments to destroy this permanent bond.''Love is not love which alters when alliteration finds {....} or bends with the remover to remove...'' Here the author makes a strong statement, claiming that true love is strong, constant and can be in no way alliterated by adversity or the hands of time. If altered or shaken by a ''remover'', proven impermanent by time as it was not apt to endure the arising obstacles in its path, this love is thus not comparable to the ''true love'' the author makes allusion to, ''love is not love''.True love is indeed an ''ever-fixed mark'', an unfailing variable 'that looks on...

Project 2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project 2 - Research Paper Example This study aims at providing a guideline for the development of a code of ethical conduct in a Police department through analysing how the ethical policy will be established, resources to be used, and communication to members of the organization. Other facets to be analyzed are an inspection for compliance and reinforcement. The establishment of the ethical policy will follow certain guidelines including the establishment of a committee to guide  the ethical policy development and implementation process (Hendrikse & Hendrikse, 2003). Setting the goals and objectives to be achieved by the code of ethics forms the basis for the development allowing the committee to have a set aim in developing the ethical policy. The committee tasked with the development will be compromised of a representative from all levels of responsibility of the department from the management to the lowest ranking. The representatives will discuss with the members of their teams and present their views on the code of ethical conduct for deliberation to ensure all the employees are involved in the development of the ethical policy. After the committee comprising of diverse organization members in terms of responsibility, position, leadership role, among other characteristics, data collection will begin. All stakeholders, management, employees, leaders, commanders, Sherriff, sweepers, secretaries, suppliers, tea-girl, and each person who will be affected from the development of the code of conduct will be required to have an input on the ethical policy development. The use of focus groups among members of the same level of responsibility and leadership in the Department and in-depth interviews and surveys by the committee will allow for a comprehensive, all-encompassing code of conduct development. The committee will then present the issues, views, and opinions obtained from data collection for deliberation and discussion to tailor the code to the goals and objectives of the

Peer reviews and population page Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Peer reviews and population page - Assignment Example However this is not the same for all ethnic groups. White Hispanics have the lowest numbers while African Americans have highest number. According to Vijan, Hayward and Langa (2004), diabetes is one other factor that seriously affect the productivity of people born between 1931 and 1941. In the USA, an estimated 16–17 million people live with serious diabetes conditions making it hard for them to be economically productive. Apart from these people being unproductive, they also have increased costs for healthcare. These authors argue that for most people who have diabetes related cost, these costs arise from diabetes related disabilities. Nishita, Uehara and Tom (2011) indicate that effective self-management for diabetes patients requires them to directly participate in the care in order for them to avoid disability and to maintain independence and employment. They found that the patient’s perception and knowledge of the impacts of diabetes can affect the way the patients are able to manage the disease to prevent disability related to diabetes. Younger people when diagnosed with diabetes are more likely to feel that they will be affected more by the condition, especially with regard to their employment and their ability to take care of themselves. Hawaiian young residents were more likely to be concerned with these facts when diagnosed with diabetes. Today, over 16 million Americans live with diabetes. Of these, a majority of them end up becoming diabetes due to diabetes related issues. The number of USS citizens with diabetes is growing at a very fast rate. Between 2007 and 2012 alone, the number of people with diabetes in the United States increased by about 41 %. This increment is a very alarming rate. most Americans do not have enough knowledge about the disease and that in most cases, if diagnosed with the disease, do not know how to take care of themselves to avoid the deterioration of the

Empiricism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Empiricism - Essay Example We should reject knowledge claims concerning matters of fact about the nature of the world which are not supportable by the evidence of experience. This leads to a tendency among empiricists to emphasize that the limit of human knowledge and imagination is bounded by the limit of our experience. Empiricists reject the rationalist claim that it is possible to come to know by a priori reason alone the nature of an intelligible real world inaccessible to experience that stands beyond appearances. The empiricist may argue that concepts (such as substance), and the terms that express them, are meaningless or else must relate to some possible experience, since concepts and terms get their meaning by reference to some possible experience, but a world beyond experience cannot be a world that might possibly be experienced; in either case it is not possible to use meaningful concepts to talk of a world beyond possible experiences. The tendency in empiricism is also to deny the existence of natural necessity: necessity is a property only of logical relations between concepts, or of logical relations between ideas or thoughts, not between things or events in the world whose existence, nature and connections are all contingent; such natural contingent connections can be discovered not by reason, which can establish only necessary truths and necessary connections, but only by experience. Empiricism is inclined to argue that there are two exclusive and together exhaustive types of proposition. (a) Propositions whose truth, logically speaking, can be known merely by understanding them, or by deductive reasoning alone, independently of the evidence of experience: truths of reason. (b) Propositions whose truth, logically speaking, cannot be known merely by understanding them, or by deductive reasoning alone, but which depend on the evidence of experience: truths of fact. All propositions which tell us anything about the real or actual world are truths of fact. Propositions stating matters of fact cannot be known to be true merely by our understanding them, or by our deducing them from other propositions known to be true by the understanding alone; if we can know them to be true at all, they must be known through consulting experience. It should be noted that the distinction is not the genetic one of how we come to have, acquire, or understand these different sorts of proposition, but a logical question concerning on what, once acquired or understood, the truth or falsity of a proposition depends, and on what knowledge of the truth or falsity of a proposition depends. If the truth or falsity of a proposition depends only on the meaning of the terms in it, then it is an a priori proposition whose truth or falsity can be known a priori by reason alone independently of empirical evidence. If the truth or falsity of a proposition does not depend only on t he meaning of the terms in it, then it is an a posteriori proposition whose truth or falsity can only be known a posteriori by empirical evidence, not by reason alone. (Frederick Copleston, 1964, 54) The basic contrast between rationalism and empiricism is an argument about the extent and nature of what truths it is logically possible to know a priori by the understanding independently of experience, by intellectual intuition

The concerns of Water Pollution In Africa

The concerns of Water Pollution In Africa Water pollution has become a serious problem in every country in the world. Urban growth, climate change, growing population, investments in agriculture, industrial development, and economic growth have increased the demand for water. Natural and manmade disasters have increased pollution risks in todays environment. Contamination of land, air and water is challenging the health of humans, plants, animals and other living organisms. Governments worldwide are burdened with mounting healthcare costs which is diverting investment capital away from economic development public sector projects. The report will discuss issues on water pollution problems which countries in the African continent are facing. Sources of water pollution, water contamination impacts on health, environmental damages, and strategies necessary for reducing or eliminating water pollution would be discussed. I. WATER SUPPLY IN AFRICA a. Water Supply and Water Demand i. Supply Source Rainfall Average annual rainfall in South Africa is recorded to be 450 mm per year. Rainfall varies between one location to another in South Africa some regions receiving heavy rainfall and others recording low amount of rainfall. For example, people living along the coastal regions to the west of South Africa enjoy an annual average rainfall of 1000 mm. But regions in the north west receive very poor annual rainfall at less than 100 mm as reported by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2006. Rivers which are seasonal in nature have water only during the rainy seasons and they remain dry most times throughout the year. The seasonal rivers during rainy days produce excess flow of water. The government of South Africa stores water in dams to meet the supply needs for drinking, industrial and agricultural needs throughout the year. South Africa is divided into following nine administrative provinces (12-86): (Markus Tà ¶rnqvist and Bjà ¶rn Ãâ€"fver strà ¶m, â€Å"Drinking water supply in Southern Africa with a risk assessment perspective.†) Eastern Cape Free State Gautang Kwa Zulu Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga Northern Cape SouthwestProvince Western Cape The average annual rainfall varies between one province and another. Information listed in Figure-3 illustrates annual rainfall in South Africas provinces as follows (12-86): (Markus Tà ¶rnqvist and Bjà ¶rn Ãâ€"fverstrà ¶m, â€Å"Drinking water supply in Southern Africa with a risk assessment perspective.†) ii. Demand Source Population According to published data by the UNESCO in 2006, South Africas total population is listed to be around 48 million. It is estimated that 59% of the population live in the urban community dwellings. Northern Cap which is the largest administrative province is reported to over 28 million people living in the area which accounts for 37% of South Africas overall national population. Due to rapid economic growth and development, urbanization is fast growing with more and more people moving to metropolitan commercial centers in search of jobs or livelihood. Migration of people from rural areas to urban cities have triggered massive growth in cities businesses, industries, infrastructures, civil defense, internal security, hospitals, and educational institutions etc. As a result of this there informal settlements have rapidly grown in and around commercial centers within the South Africas administrative provinces. All these growth and development have made water supply management very cha llenging. Millions of inhabitants living in various cities in each of the nine administrative provinces do not have adequate supply of water. Drainage and sanitation network are overstrained and inadequate to serve the communitys need. in these communities have not access to proper water and sanitation infrastructure. People living in the rural areas wholly depend on groundwater to fulfill or satisfy their needs for water. In South Africa, 19% of people in the overall population do not have access to safe water and over 33% people do not have the bare necessity for basic sanitation services. Over 50 million people in 1994 had suffered miserably without any water supply services. People had no choice except to meet their water demands from rivers, lakes, springs and ponds. Due to the concentrated and focused efforts by the government of South Africa in resource management efficiencies, overall number of people who did not have any water supply during 1994-2004 had dropped to by appro ximately 40 million (14-86). (Markus Tà ¶rnqvist and Bjà ¶rn Ãâ€"fverstrà ¶m, â€Å"Drinking water supply in Southern Africa with a risk assessment perspective.†) b. Water Pollution i. Mining Water Pollution Johannesburg which is the largest city in South Africa is on the brink of environmental disaster. There is no excavation and recovery process going on in several mines in the area and as a result of this most of these mines today remain closed. Unfortunately toxic water which is flowing out of these mines pollute and contaminate both surface and groundwater. Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) indicates entrapment of toxic water exists in the mines and when the toxic water flows out in a stream it contaminates entire water resources surface water and ground water. Closed mines in Witwatersrand, South Africa stretches from Roodepoort to Boksburg (1-5). (Admin, â€Å"Sinking Solutions for Mining Water Pollution.†) Digging for minerals for years leave big gapping tunnels and hole in the mine. During the mining operation water which collects from ground seepage are pumped out to allow miners to perform their tasks. But when mining operation is suspended for commercial non-viability, water is collected inside and fills-up tunnels and holes deep inside. These water becomes highly contaminated by getting mixed with heavy metal particles from inside the mine. Overflowing toxic mine water becomes dangerous to the environment and contaminates rivers, ponds, lakes and springs along its flow path. Toxic water endangers humans, plants, animals, birds, marine life and the ecosystem with serious healthcare challenges (1-5). (Admin, â€Å"Sinking Solutions for Mining Water Pollution.†)

Readings on Sexuality and Racism :: Sexuality Sex Racism Racist Essays

Readings on Sexuality As I begun to read chapter four I thought that it would be one of the most interesting and informative for me. The further I got in to the reading I realized I couldn’t relate too much of what was said. The first concept I chose was a basic for the chapter, sexuality is not instinctive but learned from our families, our peers, sex education in school, popular culture, negotiations with partners, and listening to our own bodies. I have never thought about my sexuality in that way. As I read I was asking myself, where did I learn to be so sexual, where did it come from? I never realized what I had learned along the way or who from. The second concept I found interesting was that of the word â€Å"vagina.† As the book has said, for many women the word vagina is associated with shame, embarrassment, and silencing, even violation. As I remember I saw a version of The Vagina Monologues at Portland State a few years back and as comfortable as I thought I was with my gender and sexuality I did feel embarrassed. I felt a little ashamed, but as the production went on I found it entertaining. I grew more and more comfortable as the play went on. I also found interesting V-Day College Initiative, a nationwide project to celebrate women and oppose sexual violence. I have never heard of this â€Å"V-Day,† a day for women to come together. One fact I found very interesting was that of the law passed in the state of Alabama on the ban on the sale or distribution of vibrators and other â€Å"devices designed or marketed as primarily useful for the stimulation of human genital organs.† Politics, religion, and other social institutions put limitations on women’s sexuality and sexual expression. It’s not fair for old men passing these laws to tell me what I can and cannot do with my own body; it disgusts me and it hard to think that it still happens today. The third concept happens to be a definition that struck me as interesting, virgin. The word virgin did not originally mean a woman whose vagina was untouched by any penis, but a free woman, one not married, not bound to, not possessed by any man. A woman who is sexually and socially her own person. Why has that definition changed into something held to such high standards?

Racial Divides in The Last of the Mohicans Essay

Throughout James Fennimore Cooper’s novel The Last of the Mohicans a common theme of interracial friendship and love and the difficulty it takes to overcome such an obstacle, is shown strongly in the work. In the novel Cooper shows how the America people of European decent treat those that are native, by showing how negatively they treat the Native Americans. Chingachgook and Hawkeye have a friendship that is genuine and deep, bypassing the normal relationship between that of a white man and a Mohican Indian. Interracial love and romantic relationships are condemned in The Last of the Mohicans, for example when, Cora, the older daughter of Munro, is approached by Magua and he explains his desire for their marriage it is preceded that their relationship is uncomfortable as well as awkward whereas Uncas and Cora’s mutual relationship ends in a terrible tragedy. Cooper makes it apparent that race was important in each individual’s acceptance and respect in the early American community, but the bond and friendship between Hawkeye and Chingachgook is stronger than the American community’s influence; there is also a common theme of interracial romantic relationships being impossible because of how Cora’s relationships with Uncas and Magua both come to an end. Numerous critics agree that Cooper’s novel makes the relationship between the Native Americans and the white Americans noticeably different from their affiliation with their own race. â€Å"The Last of the Mohicans shifts its action back in time to the mythopoetical realm when the future of American hung in the balance between the primitive and the civilized, between the French and the British, between the white and red men.† (Burt 1). Burt suggests that with the treatment between the characters it shows America at a different stage, one that is still being built on and not quite finished in construction. Burt also suggests that That the last of the Mohicans is honest in Cooper’s portrayal of the interaction that is between the two main races of the novel, all the way to the depths of the â€Å"psychology of Native Americans and their place in American culture and conscience.† (Burt 1). The racial conflicts in the novel are shown when â€Å"multiple cultures interact without physical conflict, settle their differences through dialogue.† (Rinne 15). The conversation that is presented throughout the novel seems to help settle some of the disputes, between many individuals like Alice and Magua, a relationship that exemplifies how white and red men confront one another. This concept of interracial interaction between the people of the novel, despite the bond between Hawkeye and Chingachgook, is shown clearly that it is not a pleasant connection. â€Å"As they traversed that short distance, not a voice was heard amongst them; but a slight exclamation proceeded from the younger of the females as the Indian runner glided by her unexpectedly and led the way along the military road in her front.† (Cooper 17). Alice shows her fear towards that of the Native blood, unlike her sister Cora, Alice struggles with others more. She is afraid and a symbol of the people that are not always shown in Cooper’s novel. As she continues to look at him, â€Å"an indescribable look of pity, admiration, and horror as her dark eye followed the easy motions of the savage.†(Cooper 17). She represents the way many of the other women of the time felt; uneasy and unsure of these people of any different race. Alice’s background is why she is chosen to represent the white population, since she is of pure blood. Throughout this novel the other American’s are shown as treating the Natives with little respect because of racism, believing that with their possessions such as their clothes, weapons, and education they are to be held to a higher standard and supreme to the Natives that surround them. In The Last of the Mohicans Cooper begins a trend with the creation of Hawkeye and Chingachgook’s relationship a â€Å"prototype for Ishmael and Queequeg, Huck and Jim, The Lone Ranger and Tonto–† (Burt 1). Hawkeye and Chingachgook have â€Å"a stark, stripped human relationship of two men, deeper then the deeps of sex.† (Burt 1). Cooper shows just how deep of a friendship these two men can have looking past all of the racial boundaries that are in position from the surrounding society. Despite the way interracial relations between the civilized and the savage were looked down upon Hawkeye and Chingachgook’s relationship continues without any such interference. Cooper makes the relationship important especially in the times of need, during the battle scenes and while they complete acts that make it clear that Hawkeye and his group are the protagonists of the story. This is a strong and deep connection between the two men making a statement for the time period, in which the story is set in. The constant reoccurrence of Hawkeye and Chingachgook’s relationship as friends in the Cooper’s novel shows the power of this symbol. The two men constantly look out for one another’s well being, Chingachgook gives Hawkeye information and reassures him his â€Å"ear shall drink no lie.† (Cooper 32) simply because they are friends. As the book continues the two men and the bond that is between them is proven to be deeper then the expectation of the average American community of the time. Through their dangerous journey they stumble upon much conflict, yet instead of burdening their friendship, it only builds their relationship as friends. Without one another they would have not made their journey through the forest protecting the young women as they did. Despite the thoughts of the Americans their relationship made things better rather than if they had not sought help from their friendship. Parts of Cooper’s novel â€Å"The last of the Mohicans derives its power from exploring threats to racial purity. Uncas and Cora deviants from the white norm threaten to cross radical lines and must be killed.† (Burt 3). Whereas â€Å"Heyward and Alice are free to marry and reproduce,† (Scalia 2) because unlike Cora and Uncas are following the â€Å"white norm.† Cooper sends the message that interracial romance and love is predestined for failure. Cora and Magua’s relationship is awkward despite Cora’s initial attraction towards the Indian. Cora and Uncas relationship ends in the terrible tragedy of death, because of her refusal to marry Magua. Cooper also suggests â€Å"it is Cora’s dark blood that accounts for her boldness†¦ accounting for the mutual yet sublimated attraction of both Cora and Uncas.† (Blakemore 43). Blakemore explains that their relationship contained mutual feelings towards each other even though their r elationship is considered unacceptable. From the beginning of the novel the factor of interracial coupling is there because of Cora’s mother being of a different race. Although the element is there Cooper also implies that these relationships are hopeless, for example when Magua and Cora’s relationship is uncomfortable and unnatural. â€Å"‘Listen’ said the Indian, laying his hand firmly upon her arm as if willing to draw her utmost attention to his words; a movement that Cora as firmly but quietly repulsed by extracting the limb from his grasp.† (Cooper 121). Cora does not let Magua touch her despite his efforts to keep her under his control. Where like Magua and Cora’s relationship is a failure so is Uncas and Cora’s because it ends in tragedy of each characters death. â€Å"Magua recoiled a step; and one of his assistants, profiting by the chance, sheathed his own knife in the bosom of Cora.† (Cooper 413). Cora is killed before her and Uncas are allowed to love one another fully. Although this relationship is considered improper their desire for one another is still persistently shown throughout the novel. In conclusion, James Fennimore Cooper’s novel The Last of the Mohicans is a powerful novel filled with many different issues involving interracial tribulations. Using some of the main characters Cooper is able to show how white Americans would treat the Native Americans negatively. Cooper also keeps in mind the different type of relationship that is built between Chingachgook and Hawkeye, which happens to be deep and strong. Also, the romantic aspect of relationships that is represented in The Last of the Mohicans is clearly shown to be an impossible happening for the characters. The Last of the Mohicans shows the importance of race in the early American community and how treatment towards those who are different is shown, yet despite the fact that interracial friendship is frowned upon Hawkeye and Chingachgook keep a firm grip upon their friendship; a final theme is the troubles that form between when two of different races are to fall in love. Cooper does a beautiful job showing each of his interracial interaction points clearly in his novel. Work Cited Blakemore, Steven. â€Å"†Without a Cross†: The Cultural Significance of the Sublime and Beautiful in Coopers The Last of the Mohicans.† Jstor.org. University of California Press. Web. 20 Jan. 2012. Burt, Daniel S. â€Å"The Last of the Mohicans.† The Novel 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Novels of All Time, Revised Edition. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2010. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Facts on File, Inc. 20 Jan. 2012. Cooper, James Fennimore. The Last of the Mohicans: A Narrative of 1757. New York: New American Library, 1962. Print Rinne, Craig. â€Å"White Romance and American Indian Action in Hollywood’s The Last of the Mohicans.† Jstor.org. University of Nebraska Press. Web. 20 Jan. 2012 Scalia, Bill. â€Å"The Last of the Mohicans.† In Werlock, Abby H.P., ed. The Facts on File Companion to the American Novel. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 2006. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Facts on File, Inc. 20 Jan. 2012

To what extent does the cabinet excutive essays

To what extent does the cabinet excutive essays To What Extent Do Cabinets Play A Role in The political executive? A cabinet is delineated as a committee of senior ministers who represent the different government departments or ministers. Most political executives have some form of cabinet. However, the nature of the role of cabinet is dependant on the country it is featured in and the nature of that countries political system. All cabinets though, serve two principal functions: they allow government to display a collective front to legislatures and the electorate, so preventing the image that government is in the hands of one person. Secondly, they act as an administrative instrument to secure effective co-ordination of the bureaucracy, who is charged with the implementation of government policy. A country without a cabinet is likely to be made up of opposing bureaucratic empires aiming on increasing their own wealth, this happened in the Hitler state of Nazi Germany. In presidential systems such as the USAs, the cabinet acts as device for policy advice as opposed to policy formulation. In the second part of the twentieth century, the American executive has increased in size though not at a cabinet level, there has been an increase in size of the Executive Office of the President. It is interesting to note that cabinet is at the apex of countries that regard with high esteem the notion of cabinet government, these countries include, Great Britain, Italy, Sweden, Norway and numerous Commonwealth states. In the USSR, a type of collective leadership was in place, this was a mirror of the Marxist-Leninist notion. In reality communist party leaders, for example, Stalin, were so autocratic, they wielded such hegemony over the Politburo and its equivalent state body, the Presidium of the council of ministers that leaders stayed in power till they died.Throughout Europe and particularly in Germany, ministers are increasingly discouraged from perceiving themselves as part ...

No Paper Essay Example

No Paper Essay Example No Paper Essay No Paper Essay Conflict and NegotiationOB in the Movies BUSM 2200 Team 7 An Analysis of Organizational Development and The Devil Wears Prada 11/16/2010 Leadership Power, Politics and Ethics Contents Leadership5 Is Miranda Priestly and effective Leader? What is her overall leadership STYLE? 5 Miranda Priestly and power9 Miranda’s Power Base – Measuring Bases of power9 COERSIVE10 Reward10 Legitimate10 Expert10 Andys response to Miranda’s Power Base runs through all 3 general areas relating to power11 Commitment11 compliance11 resistance11 Mirandas abuse of power and workplace bullying12 mirandas political activity13 Mirandas Influence tactics include: Pressure and legitimacy, rational persuasion13 Pressure13 legitimacy13 rational persuasion13 Miranda uses several forms of political activity – Blaming others, Associating with influential people and building coalitions14 Blaming others14 building coalitions14 Miranda Priestly and Ethics14 Plot Summary for The Devil Wears Prada (2006) In New York, the simple and naive just-graduated in journalism Andrea Sachs is hired to work as the second assistant of the powerful and sophisticated Miranda Priestly, the ruthless and merciless executive of the Runway fashion magazine. Andrea dreams to become a journalist and faces the opportunity as a temporary professional challenge. The first assistant Emily advises Andrea about the behaviour and preferences of their cruel boss, and the stylist Nigel helps Andrea to dress more adequately for the environment. Andrea changes her attitude and behaviour, affecting her private life and the relationship with her boyfriend Nate, her family and friends. In the end, Andrea learns that life is made of choices. The story tells the professional adventure of Andrea, whose greatest dream is to become a journalist. Andrea gets a job in the fashion industry through Runway magazine, the most famous of its type, to make ends meet. But Andrea wont develop her writing skills in the magazine, but her talents as the editor in chiefs assistant, Miranda. The problem is that Miranda is a merciless, posh and cruel woman, making the experience a living hell for the girl. The environment in the place will be cold and extremely critical with the physical appearance. The girl will have to change her simple and plain style, for a more trendy and elegant one, in order to gain the acceptance of her ruthless boss and colleagues, especially Emily, her unpleasant workmate. Despite everything against Andrea in the office, she will consider the experience as a challenge, drastically changing her clothes and self-image, with the help of Nigel, the magazines art director. Nevertheless, the job becomes extremely demanding, because of Mirandas tough work rhythm and nearly impossible tasks, leaving Andrea without a private life with her boyfriend, family and friends. Maybe the old Andrea has gone, now more preoccupied about her image and her future in the magazine Miranda Priestley, of Runway magazine tears up the landscape as a demanding fashion editor. She is a terror to everyone who is around her as is quickly depicted in the opening scenes of the movie. Her first assistant strives to please her and tries to emulate her, but one can sense that she s not quite as hard as she tries to put on. Into this mix comes a young woman who knows nothing of the fashion industry, has never read the magazine, and doesnt know who Miranda Priestley is. She only sees this as a stepping stone to another journalism position. Showing no fashion sense and immediately scorned by everyone, Miranda nonetheless hires her as the second assistant. When Miranda demands that she o btain the next unpublished Harry Potter manuscript, you can sense that she is trying to force her to quit, but it makes the young woman dig in to please her boss. With the help of one of the magazines fashion editors; she gets a complete makeover and a new security. However, with her new appearance and the demands placed on her, she starts to lose her friends, family and her live-in boy friend. As she is whisked away to Paris leaving Emily behin, Miranda and andrea faces all of the glamour that could be hers, including a flashy if not artificial freelance journalist, she is forced to make the decision of where she wants to be in her life. hen Miranda does a terrible thing by not giving the ceo position to nigel who deserved it she puts jaqueline (her competition for her job) andrea decided she doesnt want to be like Miranda and walks away Analysis of Conflict the Devil Wears Prada Conflict is defined as a process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect, something the first person cares about Miranda is the editor and editor and chief of runway magazine she is the hard he aded, powerful, rude, Dysfunctional conflict Miranda is always concerned with herself and not her employies. Group improvement is something Miranda doesn’t care about which causes conflict within the organization. This is not always bad because it makes andrea get everything together and fast Communication-source conflict Lack of communication is a lare cause of the conflict in this movie. Miranda tells her employees what to do instead of communicating with them to find our issues and solve problems. Mirandas leadership which is veru abrasive caused employees to feel undermines and useless, this causes low self esteem, fear and panic Conflict management strategies There is little problem sovling in the movie Miranda just wants everything done her way and doesn’t help andrea when shes been given 100 tasks to do in such little time. Shes using the forcing teachnique to get all her employees to do her tasks and they comply because of their fear of Miranda Andrea uses the avoidance technique towards Miranda as well as the employees as they run away when Miranda is coming into the room. Resolving personality conflicts There are many problems here there is not attempt on anyones part trying to manage conflict. Nor is the much compromise within the company. Andrea uses the avoidance technique and just does what ever Miranda says even if they are impossible like getting her the manuscript for harry potter in 3 days plus another list of all tasks that must be done or shes fired. Andrea also usues yielding because she puts Mirandas needs before her own and starts to change as a person avoiding her other responabilities to her friends and boyfriend (missing/forgetting his birthday) Miranda, andrea and Emily both have personality conflicts with eachother. There are misunderstandings, blaming other for mistakes (Miranda blames andrea for a flight she didn’t get to on time) Andreas low self esteem causes personal conlict with herself , who she is and what her priorities are. Theres also come conflict when andreas is sent to parris instead of Emily. Emily is hurt and mad and andreas did exactly what Miranda did to others. Analysis of Leadership and the Devil Wears Prada Leadership Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future and then align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles ffective leadership is the key factor of an enterprise’s success Is Miranda Priestly and effective Leader? What is her overall leadership STYLE? These are two questions that we set out to answer in this analysis. Leading is one function of management and effective leadership is the key factor of an enterprise’s success. Leadership is an ability that can influence individuals, groups or or ganizations to realize the already decided target, so to some degree it can be thought that leadership is an ability owned by one leader. Leadership can be expressed and spread through different ways by different people, because it is the different features and characteristics of one person that determine the leadership of him or her. In this film, the leadership of the two main actresses who are Miranda Priestly and Andy Sachs is different. Miranda is absolutely strict and always emphasizes the last results but never takes care of the hard-working process of her employees and never understands well the thinking of her staff because she always what she wants is just what the others want, which is one important reason that Andy leaves her at last. Andy is different from Miranda. She is kind, keen and careful to everyone, and she always can think over some issues in others’ point and position. The most fascinating feature of Andy is that she knows what is she really needs, so she decides to take away from Miranda smartly finally. Although there are so many differences between Andy and Miranda, there are still some features of them in common. To some degree, both Andy and Miranda are effective and successful leaders, and the most common characteristics of them are competent, hard-working and responsible, which are all the most important factors of effective and successful leadership. There are four main factors of leadership, which are leader, follower, situation and communication. The different characteristics of one person and the different group of these four factors can form different leadership style, and different leadership style applies to different conditions and different people. For example, a new employee requires more supervision than an experienced one and a person who lacks of motivation need a different approach than one with a high degree of motivation. So in fact, it needs different leadership style, maybe the style of Miranda and maybe the style of Andy. The effective and successful leadership is not absolutely decided by nature, and can be learned and obtained through the hard working, for example, Andy in this film. When she firstly came into the Subway, she felt uncomfortable and stupid, but after her continuous learning and hard working, she became talent and competent and can make impossible missions possible. With the new working group – team becoming popular, another important point should be remembered that in the new century, an effective team leader is needed, so the team leadership should be learned by leaders. The roles of team leader include liaisons with external constituencies, trouble shooter and conflict managers and couches. After thinking over this film, some meaningful suggestions can be drawn about how to make effective and successful leadership for a leader. First, it needs leaders learn continuously in order to improve the leadership, especially the team leadership, and can carry different leadership style according to different situations and different people. Second, put the communication between you and employees on agenda not like Miranda, because the success of your leadership is based on the excellent execution of your followers, so the communication between you is necessary. Thirdly, because the difference in the promotion of male leaders and female leaders exists, so they should carry different leadership properly. At last, leaders should make clear that transactional leadership is different transformational leadership, and use them clearly. Analysis of Power, politics and ethics in the Devil Wears Prada Miranda Priestly and power Power refers to the capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B, so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes. Miranda’s Power Base – Measuring Bases of power Miranda’s power base is far reaching, coercive, reward, legitimate, expert but not really information or referent. Her high performance company runway is the highest industry competitor. The industry provies millions of people with work as she would say and â€Å"the close your wearing were chosen for you by the vary people in this room† she is saying that andreas bad taste in clothing and how she has no care in the world for fashion the garmet she’s wearing was a huge fashion stage years ago She is very authoritarian, aggressive, picky and harsh. Typical examples shown in her speech are, your incompetence does not interest me (6’34), I couldn’t have been clearer (15’58),Please bore someone else with your question (16’17) and this is your responsibility, this is your job (30’01). Miranda often asks her subordinates to do what is impossible to do, like helping her to get a jet during a hurricane and finding the unpublished Harry Potter manuscript for her daughters. She also usually gives directives and uses explicit forms in Commenting or complaining about others. Her words are caustic. COERSIVE Coercive power is power that is based on fear. This is pretty obvious during the entire film as Miranda, along with her reputation is known as the dragon lady†¦.. she uses fear and the fear of firing andrea if she makes a simple mistake or doesn’t meet a dealine She tells andrea to get a copy of the 1 manuscript from jk rowling herself (impossible) and mentions don’t bother showing up tomorrow if you cant get them Reward Reward power is based on the ability to distribute rewards that others view as valuable. An ongoing line in the movie is â€Å"A million girls would kill to get this job†, if you work at Runway for a year you could get any job in New York that you want. Legitimate Legitimate Power is the power associated with ones position and represents the power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization. Miranda is at the top of her game in fashion as the editor and chief at the centre of one of the most influential fashion magazines in the world in one of the worlds fashion capitals her legitimate power is very pronounced. Expert Expert power is influence that is based on expertise, special skills or knowledge Being that Miranda Priestly chooses all of the designers that appear in Runway magazine as well as the layout and content and the fact that throughout the movie she is THE authority on all things fashion it goes without saying that her expert power is well defined and recognized. She is very powerful in the industry and her field and it a high profile organization At the end of the movie Miranda starts to show weekness, talking to andrea, crying about her divorce and shows that as powerful as she is she has another side to her most people will never see Andys response to Miranda’s Power Base runs through all 3 general areas relating to power Commitment Andy is initially enthusiastic with her position at runway and shows initiative and persistence in carrying out the sometimes (almost) impossible tasks assigned to her by Miranda Priestly. She shows that she has no self esteem and just follows what ever Miranda says Examples of this include her walking the dog, getting coffee and are dramatically pointed out with her obtaining the unreleased manuscript for the new Harry Potter for Miranda’s young twin girls, along with boogey boards, fip flops, coffee, dresses from calvin kline compliance As her job at Runway takes it’s begins to negatively affect her personal relationships with friends and ultimately the separation of her and her boyfriend. Andy begins to reevaluate her values and how they relate to her job – â€Å"has she compromised her beliefs and is the price to high to pay for this job† Andy continues to carry out her duties at Runway and even changes her appearance to match the company culture at Runway even though she is questioning her choices resistance Resistance to power is carried out by vocal opposition to a request, avoidance, and refusal or with stalling or arguing. This form of response from Andy takes place towards the end of the movie and is a turning point for Andy. She has lost her boyfriend, alienated her friends and has just been told by Miranda that in order to become successful (like her) you have to make choices and sacrifices. Andy protests the choices that Miranda has made that have negatively affected Nigel, her most dedicated employee. When Miranda says that Andy is the same as her, Andy decides to resist by getting out of the limousine throwing her cell phone into a fountain and going back to her boyfriend. Mirandas abuse of power and workplace bullying Andy Sachs is competent and confident in the films early scenes, but she quickly dissolves into a lap dog when confronted with her the magisterial bullying demands of her boss bully and the first assistant. She fetches the coffee, only to be told: Pour it out. I dont want it. She works late, because Priestly expects her to, and she accedes to everything asked of her, including giving up her personal life. Priestly never thanks Sachs for her effort or recognizes her ability. Instead, she deliberately and knowingly criticizes her assistants appearance and performance at every turn. Like many targets, Andy possesses two characteristics: * She has a desire to cooperate, and * She has a non-confronting interpersonal style. While these characteristics may signal a quiet confidence, the bully sees these as evidence that the target will be easy to control and unlikely to fight back. If targets find themselves in this position, they have to educate themselves about the ways of workplace bullying and take control. The boss bullys biggest weapon is the targets denial, the person who says, I should be better. I have to try harder. Bully bosses always undermine their targets; no matter how hard the target tries. Once the target identifies the bully for what she is, however, the target can begin to assert her own power. she Miranda shows throughout the movies she constantly doesn’t care ( calling andrea Emily) she acts as though her employees are beneath her. mirandas political activity Mirandas Influence tactics include: Pressure and legitimacy, rational persuasion Pressure Pressure tactics use demands, threats and reminders to get someone to do something Evidence of pressure as an influence tactic in The Devil Wears Prada is widespread – from the overwhelming anxiety that is rampant in the office during the call out that she is â€Å"on her way up† to the ultimatum that Miranda gives to Andy to accept the trip to Paris for fashion week that her coworker is suppose to have or be fired – essentially stabbing her colleague in the back. egitimacy Legitimacy tactics are used by those who claim the authority or right to make a request showing that it supports organizational goals or policies. Miranda’s legitimacy tactics are evident in her interactions at the fashion event of the year in Paris for Fashion Week. Miranda uses several forms of political activity – Blaming others, Associating with influential people and building Miranda Pr iestly and Ethics Miranda quickly established her role as the ‘Master’ over her ‘Slave’ employees. She lived, ate, and breathed her career. Work and life had merged into one unified and indivisible whole. She expected everyone to have the same devotion to Runway Magazine. Employee’s time with family and friends was an expendable commodity, a frill. * Miranda refused to address her new assistant Andy (Anne Hathaway) by her proper name, and substituted the name of her other assistant. * She demanded that Andy be on call 24/7 (without adequate compensation) * She gave a long list of demands without allowing any questions and expected employees to know the details of each task, but did not provide any training. She sent Andy on multiple errands, without clear instructions, and an impossibly short time-frame under threat of being fired if she did not deliver. * She insulted her intelligence and mocked her style of dress, publicly and privately * She forbade any employees from riding in the elevator with her, which further underlined a Master/Slave relationship. * She bullies all the time throwing her bags at andy and e xpecting anything and everything

Cultural Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cultural - Research Paper Example Political organization beyond the Chief V. Summary The Basseri is a native pastoralist tribe located in Iran. The tribe is pastoralist because they have pastures to graze cattle, sheep and goats and they depend on the animals for food. Everything that the Basseri do is central to the animals that they own. The following pages will discuss the Basseri and their culture and living arrangements, the kinship system, economy, and the pastoral chiefdom that is their leader. In a pastoral culture, all things evolve around the ability to successfully execute economic transactions with the animals that are owned. This goes for marriage as well; however, in the Basseri culture women are controlled and they are forced to cover their faces in public. More about the control of women will be discussed later in this paper. First, the pastoral culture of the Basseri needs to be explained to understand how rest of the culture works fits. a. Culture of Basseri Culture can be defined as everything arou nd us, everything we do, make, think or say. Culture is constantly changing and is influenced by many things. The Basseri are nomadic pastoralist tribe from the Fars region of present-day Iran. They descended from the Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Gypsy ancestors and are involved in rearing sheep, donkeys, horses, camels, dogs and goats. The donkeys are used to carry women and children while men ride in horses. The camels on the other hand, are used to carry heavy loads especially during migration (Salzman et al. 1995). The "tent† or family group is the basic unit of social organization among the Basseri. All tents have a recognized head that deals with the formal officers of the tribe, villagers, and other strangers (Nowak & Laird, 2010). They speak the Farsi dialect. b. Where they live Khanam (2005) gives details of where the Basseri live. The Basseri live in the Iranian province of Fars and migrate along the steppes and mountains near the town of Shiraz. Their population was 16, 000 in the 1950s but more recent estimates have not been widely published. Unlike other tribes, they are defined by political rather than ethnic or geographic criteria due to their livelihood. The area they inhabit of 18, 000 to 21, 000 square kilometers spans a large ecological range. There are deserts in the south, mountains in the North. The mountain precipitation provides support for vegetation while the southern lowland runoff and summer droughts limit vegetation to hardy desert scrubs. In the rainy season of winter, there is temporary grass cover (p. 121). c. How they Live The subsistence mode influences the way people live. As such, the Basseri migrate from place to place in search of pasture during winter and settle during summer. According to Nowak and Laird (2010), they move every three to four days with their animals and during this time, tents become their dwellings. Small tents are established for nuclear family at this time but while they settle for a longer time during summer, larger tents are utilized. During the summer period, the Basseri are involved in some farming especially the growing of wheat. This involvement in agriculture can be seen as abandoning their culture of pastoralism. However, it is only carried out during summer along the tribal route before the Basseri migrate to other areas (Marx, 1977).The reason why Basseri migrate is due to depletion of natural resources for the animals to eat. They therefore, have to move to other places to look for food for the animals. Culture also

Major Historical Event in US History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Major Historical Event in US History - Essay Example Thus, the agenda of 'legal equality' and then 'social equality' will be the general themes that brings together or provides a cohesion for the woman's movement in US history from 1865 to the present. The period of 1865 to 1876 can be said to be pivotal to the woman's movement in U.S. history. The introduction of the fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the U.S. is largely thought to be a step backward. That is, as far as the goal of bringing the franchise to women and other groups not yet recognized to have a legal right to vote. In U.S. history, the right to vote for women was an agenda that went back as far as the early to mid seventeenth century, and historians trace the first legal challenge in the U.S. as occurring at that time in the state of Maryland. A one-time governor named Leonard Calvert, appointed a woman named Margaret Brent as his personal executor. Brent was an attorney which was exceptional in the seventeenth century, and found herself in 1648 petitioning the government of Maryland for the right to vote as well as the right to carry out her duties as executor. She was a property holder, and a successful attorney at the time. By 1868 when the Fourteenth Amendment was introduced, there had already been a significant woman's suffrage movement, and indeed, legal challenges for the right to vote [Mays 58-9]. ... Unit one as associated with post 1865 is the beginning of the period known as reconstruction, and what follows in the aftermath of the Civil War (1860-1865) is a fairly reactionary political mandate. Arguably, the period following the Civil War can be characterized as a period where a great number of concessions were made to the interests of Southerners who had been defeated in the war that was centered around the issue of slavery. During the period in question or the era of Reconstruction after the Civil War, the notorious â€Å"Jim Crow† legislation throughout the South had introduced a pattern of which distinct traces can still be seen in the southern states. The new laws stated that no one could vote unless a poll tax had been paid and in some places, unless the voter could pass a literacy test, too. Blacks were not allowed to use the same railway cars, schools or residential areas as whites. These laws contradicted the Fourteenth Amendment but the Supreme Court seems to h ave turned a blind eye to what these state laws meant in relation to the laws of the central government. By this time, northerners seem to have allowed themselves to feel less responsible for post-War developments in the South. Blacks would feel abandoned by the north while facing southern hatred expressed both officially and violently. As Gillett explained, even white reformers seemed more concerned by what ought to be done with Blacks, as opposed to for Blacks and with many content to state that the slaves had been freed by the northern Civil War effort and that they now must work towards their own betterment [Gillett 368]. Segregation continued in a system which managed the Black population by keeping them separate from