As the general concepts of the Middle Ages showed their inability to explain the changes in the terra firma that took place in the 17 and XVIII centuries, European philosophers set about the problem of creating the wise models explaining the laws of nature and the structure of cab atomic number 18t. Comp ared to the medieval concepts, these models were to a greater extent than sophisticated and logic all toldy based ? so they could be called scientific. The new era later named ?the Age of Enlightenment? started. Its main motif was the superior value of reason. The feudal model of corporation was no longer capabale to provide wealth and progress and what?s more important ? the kind justice. That?s why the new ideas were to counterchange it. Among all European philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment the three peerlesss are believed to have make the to the highest degree significant contribution to the social contract conjecture ? the basis of modern democratic society; they are Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), John Locke (1632-1704) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778).
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), the English philosopher of the XVII century was actually the first to give a systematic, sane and scientific view on the social contract theory in his book ?Leviathan or the Matter, Form and Power of republic Ecclesiastical and Civil?. According to Hobbes the emergence of political society was preceded by the so called state of nature - the state of absolute, all-weather freedom of human beings equal in their rights and abilities. People are also equal in their wish to possess the aforesaid(prenominal) rights. That?s why the state of nature for Hobbes is the state of state of war which ?is of every man, against every man?. Human perfect freedom causes an intention to anarchy, chaos and constant struggle, it justifies men killing men. In such situation the restriction of each person?s perfect freedom for the sake...
Heres some extra info on Hobbes. Hobbes was on close terms with many of the best scientists and mathematicians
of the period, including most significantly Galileo, and their discoveries seemed to him to imply clearly that all things are made of material particles and that all change reduces to motion. Accordingly, the basic premise of Hobbess
metaphysics is that all that exists is bodies in motion, motion being a continual relinquishing
of one place and acquiring of another. Because, according to Hobbes,
there are twain main types of bodies, physical bodies and political bodies, there are dickens divisions of philosophy, natural and civil.
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